Data verification across chain nodes may be another bottleneck in the whole chain, but there are a variety of solutions as well. With sufficient memory or fast storage, such as a PCIe SSD [PCI Express solid-state drive], a distributed transaction database—like Google's Spanner, Alibaba's OceanBase and PingCAP's TiDB—can handle more than 1 million transactions per second. Alibaba’s OceanBase launched in 2014 and is designed for a 1 million transactions per second peak during the Singles' Day shopping festival, with a large cluster of servers with SSD storage.